Mt. Lushan
庐山Natural Features
自然概况Mount Lushan is 36 kilometers south of Jiujiang City，Jiangxi Province. It lies south of Yangtze River and west of Poyang Lake.The scenic area covers 350 square kilometers with the buffer zone reaching out for 500 square kilometers. Mt Lushan is well known since ancient times for its magnificence，marvel，precipice，and grace.
庐山距江西省九江市36公里。它北临长江，东濒鄱阳湖，整个景区占地 350平方公里，外围保护地带面积为500平方公里，自古就以"雄奇险秀"闻名于世。
Mt Lushan has plenty of scenic attractions，including the Wulaofeng(Five El erly Men Peaks)， Xianrendong(Immortal's Cavern)and the White Deer Cave Academy.The White Deer Cave Academy was one of the earliest institutes of higher learning in China. It was first built by Li Bo，an official of Tang Dynasty(618- 907)at the beginning of the seventh century and was extended during the Song Dynasty(960一1279）It was ore of the four largest academies in China，and teachers such as Zhu Xi and Lu Xiiangshan，philosophers of the Southern Song Dynasty(1127一1279)，had many students here.
庐山拥有众多名胜景点，其中包括五老峰，仙人洞和自鹿洞书院。白鹿洞书院是我国南宋时期的最高学府，它最早由唐朝(7世纪初)官员李渤建立，后又扩建于宋朝。它是中国古代最大的四所书院之一。朱熹等历史名人曾在在学沦此路论道，南宋许多哲人也有众多弟子在此。 Mt Lushan has also the unusual glacial traces of the Quarernary Period,and a rich collection of landforms such as rivers，lakes，slopes，and peaks，regarded as a garden of geology. It has 171 peaks recognized with a name long ago，of which the summit Dahanyang Peak rises up for 1474m above sea level .Scattered among the peaks are 26 ridges and hills，20 ravines and gullies，16 caves，and 22 groups of grotesque rocks. Waters gush down the mountain and form 22 falls ，18 streams，and 14 ponds or fakes. Its Three-stepped Fall is reputed worldwide and has a height difference as big as 155m. 庐山还拥有独特的第四纪冰川遗迹，有河流、湖泊、坡地、山峰等多种地貌类型,具有地质公园之称，庐山自古被命名的山I峰有171座，主峰左汉阳峰的海拔为1.474米。群峰间散布着岗岭26座，堑谷20 条，岩洞16个、怪石22处。水流在起伏的山谷间跌宕，有瀑布22处，溪涧18条，湖潭14处。驰名中外的庐山三叠泉瀑布，落差达155米。
Mt Lushan has a wealth of biological resources in an integrated ecological system. About 76.6% of the area is covered with forests， providing a paradise for over 3 000 species of plants，2 000 insects， 171 birds，and 33 animals. At the foot there is also the Poyang Lake Migrant Birds Reserve，protecting the largest community of white crane in the world，and other rare birds such as white-napped crane and white head stork, amounting to over 4 000 individuals.
庐山物资源丰富，生态系统完整。森林覆盖率达76.6%，植物有3000余种，昆虫2 000余种， 鸟类171种，兽类33种。山麓还有鄱阳湖候鸟保护区，保护区内发现了世界上最大的白鹤群以及白枕鹤、白头鹤等珍稀鸟类，总数达4000多只。 The climate of Mt Lushan is that of subtropical monsoon，typical of mountainous areas Tfre temperature drops as the mountain rises higher. In summer it isexceptionally cool , and has long been reputed as a world famous resort from the summer heat. 庐山处于亚热带季风区域，具有山地气候特色，气温随高度而递减。这里夏季特别凉爽，是世界著名的避署胜地。 Mt Lushan is a holy site of religions as well，and in one mountain there hosts five major religions of the world. Well preserved in Mt Lushan are over 20 sites of ancient times，as well as 600 or more sites of the mediaeval times. The scenic quarters boast for its 16 natural wonders ,474 sites of interest，900 cliff inscriptions， 300 stone steles,and 600 villas of modern times in various Chinese or foreign styles. 庐山还是宗教的荟萃地，一山聚集了五大宗教。庐山地区，有远古文化遗址20余处和中古文化遗址600余处。在风景区范围内，有16个自然奇观、474处景点、900余处摩崖石刻、近300余块碑刻，还有600余幢风格各异的近代中外别墅。 Mt Lushan is recognized as one of the first group of the key scenic sites in China. In 1991 it was award with the honor of one of the"Top Forty tourism sites of China".In December of 1996，Mt Lushan was inscribed in the World Heritage List. as a world natural scenery. And in February，2004，Mt Lushan National Geopark was approved by UNESCO as a site of the World Geological Parks on its list of World Network of Geoparks. 庐山是首批国家重点风景名胜区，1991年荣获"中国旅游胜地40佳"称号。 1996年12月，庐山作为"世界文化景观"被列人《世界遗产名录》。2004年2月，江西庐山地质公园被联合国教科文组织世界地质公园专家评审会列人世界地质公园名录。