国内外老年社区参与研究热点及展望——基于CiteSpace知识图谱的可视化分析Research Hotspots and Prospects of Elderly Community Participation at Home and Abroad—Visual Analysis of Knowledge Graph Based on CiteSpace
DOI: 10.12677/AR.2023.104179,PDF, HTML, XML, 被引量 下载:448 浏览:1,973 国家社会科学基金支持作者: 林 璐, 幸晓玥：浙江理工大学艺术与设计学院，浙江 杭州 关键词: 社区参与；老年人；知识图谱；可视化分析；Community Participation； The Elderly； Knowledge Graph； Visual Analysis
摘要: 目的：对国内外老年社区参与文献研究进展和趋势进行洞察、归纳与总结，为我国老年社区参与领域相关研究提供理论参考，为我国基层展开老年社区参与实践工作提供创新思路。方法：将2007~2023年科学引文数据库(Web of Science)核心合集，以及2001~2023年中国知网(CNKI)收录的老年社区参与相关文献作为研究对象，利用CiteSpace和Vosviwer数据可视化软件绘制学科研究、关键词、突现词等知识图谱，以洞见国内外老年社区参与研究趋势和热点。结果：国内外老年社区参与文献发文量整体呈平稳上升趋势，国内研究起步更晚、更缓；从研究前沿热点分析，国外研究中较热关键词为健康、老年人、参与、社区等，国内研究中社会工作、社区养老、社区治理等关键词出现频次较高；国外老年社区参与健康学、护理学、社会学、心理学等学科的知识流动频率较高，彰显了多学科知识吸收的特征。从关键词聚类分析来看，国外研究主题主要为体育活动、性别差异、认知等，国内研究主题则主要为社区养老、社区参与和社区治理。结论：当前国内外老年社区参与领域先后形成多元主体合作、内容综合构建、互联网赋能等多维度研究格局。基于此提出我国老年社区参与创新研究四点建议：聚焦老年群体能力与参与意愿匹配、关注老年社区参与内容分层供给、引入数字技术赋能老年社区参与、建构多元主体协同参与机制。
Abstract: Objective: To analyze and summarize the literature research progress and trend of elderly community participation at home and abroad, provide theoretical reference for relevant research in the field of elderly community participation in China, and provide innovative ideas for grassroots elderly community participation practice. Methods: The core collection of the Web of Science Citation Database (2007~2023) and the literature related to elderly community participation collected by China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) (2001~2023) were taken as research objects. CiteSpace and Vosviwer data visualization software were used to draw knowledge maps of subject research, keywords, and outburst words, so as to gain insight into the research trends and hotspots of elderly community participation at home and abroad. Results: The number of literature articles on the participation of the elderly community at home and abroad showed a steady upward trend, while the domestic research started later and slower. From the analysis of hot topics in the research frontier, the hot keywords in foreign research are health, the elderly, participation, community, etc., while in domestic research, the keywords such as social work, community pension, and community governance appear more frequently. The knowledge flow frequency of health science, nursing science, sociology, psychology and other disciplines of elderly community participation in foreign countries is high, which shows the characteristics of multi-disciplinary knowledge absorption. From the perspective of keyword cluster analysis, foreign research topics mainly include physical activity, gender difference, cognition, etc., while domestic research topics mainly include community pension, community participation and community governance. Conclusion: At present, the field of elderly community participation at home and abroad has formed a multi-dimensional research pattern, such as multi-subject cooperation, comprehensive content construction, and Internet empowerment. Based on this, four suggestions are put forward for the innovation research of elderly community participation in China: focusing on the matching of elderly groups’ ability and participation intention, paying attention to the hierarchical supply of elderly community participation content, introducing digital technology to enable elderly community participation, and constructing a multi-subject collaborative participation mechanism.
文章引用：林璐, 幸晓玥. 国内外老年社区参与研究热点及展望——基于CiteSpace知识图谱的可视化分析[J]. 老龄化研究, 2023, 10(4): 1366-1378. https://doi.org/10.12677/AR.2023.104179
1. 引言
随着我国老龄化程度逐步加深，社会逐渐迈向中度和重度老龄化阶段。劳动力短缺、社会养老资源配置不均等问题日益凸显，因此如何将基数日渐增大的老年群体转化为新的人口红利成为应对老龄化问题的重要研究课题 [1] 。2002年，第二届世界老龄大会上，“积极老龄化”作为行动纲领被写进了政治宣言，指出老年人不仅要保持身心健康，并且作为家庭和社会的重要资源，更要融入社会，参与社会，实现自身价值。在我国，社区居家养老是主要养老方式，社区作为老年人生活的主要场所，已然成为了老年融入社会的重要立足点，社区应该重构组织方式来支持老年人高度异质化的需求并赋予他们生活的意义，将老年人独有的技能和智慧融入社区组织和公共生活，强化老年人与社会的联系，增强社区凝聚力 [2] 。2021年，国务院发布的《中共中央国务院关于加强新时代老龄工作的意见》中明确鼓励老年人继续发挥作用，把老有所为同老有所养结合起来，完善就业、志愿服务、社区治理等政策措施，充分发挥低龄老年人作用 [3] 。学界也鼓励老年人利用其拥有的优势去参与到集体活动中，这能够改善老年人的生活习惯和态度 [4] 。然而，在实际的养老过程中，社会甚至老年人自身对老年群体的认识仍存在偏差，对其参与基层社会活动的价值保有消极甚至否定态度。可见老年社区参与实践研究与理论研究仍存在脱节问题，理论政策未能完成渗透到基层指导实践。基于此，